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The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions. Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model "binds Europe together" in contrast to the 'American way of life'. European states do not all use a single social model, but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics. These generally include a commitment to full employment, social protections for all citizens, social inclusion, and democracy. The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives: ''promotion of employment, improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection, dialogue between management and labour, the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion.'' Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model, it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe – the Nordic, British, Mediterranean and the Continental.〔Sapir, André. 2005. Globalisation and the Reform of European Social Models. Bruegel. http://www.bruegel.org/1425.〕〔Barr, N. (2004), ''Economics of the welfare state''. New York: Oxford University Press (USA).〕 The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom. Tony Judt lists a number of causes: the abandonment of protectionism, the baby boom, cheap energy, and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States. The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc, China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy. In recent years, it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates, globalisation, Europeanisation and an ageing population. ==Welfare state in Europe== Some of the European welfare states have been described as the most well developed and extensive.〔See (article )〕 It is a common argument to say that there exists a unique "European social model", in contrast with the social model existing in the US. The truth is that the reality is more complex. Economists have agreed that there exist different social models in the EU. Although each European country has its own singularities, one can distinguish four different welfare or social models in Europe:〔Sapir, A. (2005): ''Globalisation and the Reform of European Social Models'', Bruegel, Bruselas. Accessible por internet en ()〕〔Boeri, T. (2002): ''Let Social Policy Models Compete and Europe Will Win'', conference in the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 11–12 April 2002.〕 * The Nordic model, in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands. * The Continental model, in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg. * The Anglosaxon model, in Ireland and the United Kingdom. * The Mediterranean model, in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「European social model」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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